Deliberate Purpose

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Original Chinese text

English translation

To discipline the will and prize exceptional conduct, to withdraw from the world and differ from common ways, to speak loftily while resenting and criticizing others: this is simply the pursuit of aloofness. It appeals to mountain recluses, critics of their age, and those who waste away or cast themselves into the depths. To speak of benevolence, rightness, loyalty, trustworthiness, respect, thrift, and yielding is simply a pursuit of self-cultivation. It appeals to scholars in peaceful times, teachers, and itinerant learners.

Original Chinese text

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To discuss great achievements and establish a great name, to observe the rites between ruler and minister and set higher and lower ranks in order: this is simply a pursuit of government. It appeals to courtiers who honor the ruler, strengthen the state, seek accomplishments, and annex territory. To settle among marshes and dwell in open quiet places, fish, and live at leisure, seeking only nonaction: this appeals to those who live by rivers and seas, withdraw from society, and prize leisure.

Original Chinese text

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To regulate exhalation and breathing, expel stale air and draw in fresh, stretch like a climbing bear or a bird extending its limbs: this is simply a pursuit of long life. It appeals to practitioners of daoyin exercises and care of the body, and to those who seek longevity like Pengzu's. But there is also one who is elevated without straining the will, cultivated without deliberately pursuing benevolence and rightness, able to govern without seeking achievement or fame, at ease without retreating to rivers and seas, and long-lived without practicing daoyin. Nothing is beyond forgetting, yet nothing is lacking; in boundless calm, every excellence follows.

Original Chinese text

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This is the Way of Heaven and Earth and the virtue of the sage.

Original Chinese text

English translation

Thus it is said: quiet ease, stillness, emptiness, and nonaction are the balance of Heaven and Earth and the substance of the Way and virtue. Thus it is said: the sage rests. In rest comes ease; with ease comes calm. When ease and calm prevail, troubles cannot enter and harmful influences cannot invade. Virtue remains whole and spirit undiminished. Thus it is said: in life the sage moves with Heaven; in death, the sage changes with other things.

Original Chinese text

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In stillness the sage shares the virtue of yin; in motion, the waves of yang. The sage does not become the precursor of good fortune or the origin of calamity, but responds after being stirred, moves when compelled by circumstances, and acts only when there is no alternative. Leaving clever calculation and crafty artifice behind, the sage follows nature's order. Thus there is no heavenly disaster, no burden imposed by things, no censure from people, and no reproach from spirits. Life is like floating; death, like resting. There is no brooding and no advance plotting. The sage is bright without dazzling and trustworthy without harboring expectations.

Original Chinese text

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In sleep there are no dreams; awake, no worries. The spirit is pure and the soul is not wearied. Through emptiness and calm one accords with Heaven's virtue. Thus it is said: grief and delight can lead virtue astray; joy and anger can make one stray from the Way; liking and aversion can be a loss to virtue.

Original Chinese text

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Thus a mind free of sorrow and delight reaches the height of virtue. To remain one and unchanged is the height of stillness; to clash with nothing, the height of openness; to avoid entanglement with things, the height of calm detachment; to oppose nothing, the height of purity. Therefore, a body worked without rest becomes worn out. A spirit used without pause grows weary, and weariness ends in exhaustion.

Original Chinese text

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Water is clear when unmixed and level when undisturbed; yet when shut in and unable to flow, it cannot remain clear. It is an image of Heaven's virtue. Thus to be pure and unmixed, still and one without changing, calm and without forced action, and to move in accordance with Heaven: this is the way to nourish the spirit.

Original Chinese text

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Someone who possesses a fine Gan-Yue sword, associated with the Wu and Yue regions keeps it in a case, reluctant to use it: such is the highest care for a treasure. When spirit reaches all four directions and flows without obstruction, nothing lies beyond it. It reaches Heaven above and spreads through Earth below; it transforms and nurtures all things, yet no image can contain it. This is called being at one with the heavenly sovereign. The Way of purity and simplicity is to guard the spirit alone. Guard it without losing it, become one with it, and the refined power of that oneness joins the order of Heaven.

Original Chinese text

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A common saying goes: ordinary people value gain; upright people value reputation; the worthy prize their aims; the sage prizes the essence of spirit.

Original Chinese text

English translation

What is called 'simple' is free from admixture; what is called 'pure' does not diminish its spirit. One who embodies such purity and simplicity is called a genuine person.

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