Deliberate Purpose
Text
English translation
Original Chinese text
刻意尚行,离世异俗,高论怨诽,为亢而已矣。此山谷之士,非世之人,枯槁赴渊者之所好也。语仁义忠信,恭俭推让,为修而已矣。此平世之士,教诲之人,游居学者之所好也。
English translation
To discipline the will and prize exceptional conduct, to withdraw from the world and differ from common ways, to speak loftily while resenting and criticizing others: this is simply the pursuit of aloofness. It appeals to mountain recluses, critics of their age, and those who waste away or cast themselves into the depths. To speak of benevolence, rightness, loyalty, trustworthiness, respect, thrift, and yielding is simply a pursuit of self-cultivation. It appeals to scholars in peaceful times, teachers, and itinerant learners.
Original Chinese text
语大功,立大名,礼君臣,正上下,为治而已矣。此朝廷之士,尊主强国之人,致功并兼者之所好也。就薮泽,处闲旷,钓鱼闲处,无为而已矣。此江海之士,避世之人,闲暇者之所好也。
English translation
To discuss great achievements and establish a great name, to observe the rites between ruler and minister and set higher and lower ranks in order: this is simply a pursuit of government. It appeals to courtiers who honor the ruler, strengthen the state, seek accomplishments, and annex territory. To settle among marshes and dwell in open quiet places, fish, and live at leisure, seeking only nonaction: this appeals to those who live by rivers and seas, withdraw from society, and prize leisure.
Original Chinese text
吹呴呼吸,吐故纳新,熊经鸟申,为寿而已矣。此道引之士,养形之人,彭祖寿考者之所好也。若夫不刻意而高,无仁义而修,无功名而治,无江海而闲,不道引而寿,无不忘也,无不有也。淡然无极而众美从之。
English translation
To regulate exhalation and breathing, expel stale air and draw in fresh, stretch like a climbing bear or a bird extending its limbs: this is simply a pursuit of long life. It appeals to practitioners of daoyin exercises and care of the body, and to those who seek longevity like Pengzu's. But there is also one who is elevated without straining the will, cultivated without deliberately pursuing benevolence and rightness, able to govern without seeking achievement or fame, at ease without retreating to rivers and seas, and long-lived without practicing daoyin. Nothing is beyond forgetting, yet nothing is lacking; in boundless calm, every excellence follows.
Original Chinese text
此天地之道,圣人之德也。
English translation
This is the Way of Heaven and Earth and the virtue of the sage.
Original Chinese text
故曰:夫恬惔寂漠,虚无无为,此天地之平而道德之质也。故曰:圣人休,休焉则平易矣。平易则恬淡矣。平易恬淡,则忧患不能入,邪气不能袭,故其德全而神不亏。故曰:圣人之生也天行,其死也物化。
English translation
Thus it is said: quiet ease, stillness, emptiness, and nonaction are the balance of Heaven and Earth and the substance of the Way and virtue. Thus it is said: the sage rests. In rest comes ease; with ease comes calm. When ease and calm prevail, troubles cannot enter and harmful influences cannot invade. Virtue remains whole and spirit undiminished. Thus it is said: in life the sage moves with Heaven; in death, the sage changes with other things.
Original Chinese text
静而与阴同德,动而与阳同波。不为福先,不为祸始。感而后应,迫而后动,不得已而后起。去知与故,循天之理。故无天灾,无物累,无人非,无鬼责。其生若浮,其死若休。不思虑,不豫谋。光矣而不耀,信矣而不期。
English translation
In stillness the sage shares the virtue of yin; in motion, the waves of yang. The sage does not become the precursor of good fortune or the origin of calamity, but responds after being stirred, moves when compelled by circumstances, and acts only when there is no alternative. Leaving clever calculation and crafty artifice behind, the sage follows nature's order. Thus there is no heavenly disaster, no burden imposed by things, no censure from people, and no reproach from spirits. Life is like floating; death, like resting. There is no brooding and no advance plotting. The sage is bright without dazzling and trustworthy without harboring expectations.
Original Chinese text
其寝不梦,其觉无忧。其神纯粹,其魂不罢。虚无恬淡,乃合天德。故曰:悲乐者,德之邪也;喜怒者,道之过也;好恶者,德之失也。
English translation
In sleep there are no dreams; awake, no worries. The spirit is pure and the soul is not wearied. Through emptiness and calm one accords with Heaven's virtue. Thus it is said: grief and delight can lead virtue astray; joy and anger can make one stray from the Way; liking and aversion can be a loss to virtue.
Original Chinese text
故心不忧乐,德之至也;一而不变,静之至也;无所于忤,虚之至也;不与物交,淡之至也;无所于逆,粹之至也。故曰:形劳而不休则弊,精用而不已则劳,劳则竭。
English translation
Thus a mind free of sorrow and delight reaches the height of virtue. To remain one and unchanged is the height of stillness; to clash with nothing, the height of openness; to avoid entanglement with things, the height of calm detachment; to oppose nothing, the height of purity. Therefore, a body worked without rest becomes worn out. A spirit used without pause grows weary, and weariness ends in exhaustion.
Original Chinese text
水之性,不杂则清,莫动则平;郁闭而不流,亦不能清;天德之象也。故曰:纯粹而不杂,静一而不变,淡而无为,动而以天行,此养神之道也。
English translation
Water is clear when unmixed and level when undisturbed; yet when shut in and unable to flow, it cannot remain clear. It is an image of Heaven's virtue. Thus to be pure and unmixed, still and one without changing, calm and without forced action, and to move in accordance with Heaven: this is the way to nourish the spirit.
Original Chinese text
夫有干越之剑者,柙而藏之,不敢用也,宝之至也。精神四达并流,无所不极,上际于天,下蟠于地,化育万物,不可为象,其名为同帝。纯素之道,唯神是守。守而勿失,与神为一。一之精通,合于天伦。
English translation
Someone who possesses a fine Gan-Yue sword, associated with the Wu and Yue regions keeps it in a case, reluctant to use it: such is the highest care for a treasure. When spirit reaches all four directions and flows without obstruction, nothing lies beyond it. It reaches Heaven above and spreads through Earth below; it transforms and nurtures all things, yet no image can contain it. This is called being at one with the heavenly sovereign. The Way of purity and simplicity is to guard the spirit alone. Guard it without losing it, become one with it, and the refined power of that oneness joins the order of Heaven.
Original Chinese text
野语有之曰:“众人重利,廉士重名,贤士尚志,圣人贵精。”
English translation
A common saying goes: ordinary people value gain; upright people value reputation; the worthy prize their aims; the sage prizes the essence of spirit.
Original Chinese text
故素也者,谓其无所与杂也;纯也者,谓其不亏其神也。能体纯素,谓之真人。
English translation
What is called 'simple' is free from admixture; what is called 'pure' does not diminish its spirit. One who embodies such purity and simplicity is called a genuine person.