3. Keeping the People at Peace

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English translation

Original Chinese text

English translation

Do not exalt the worthy, so that people do not compete; do not prize scarce goods, so that people do not steal; do not display objects of desire, so that hearts are not disturbed.

The focus is on how governance shapes social habits: reducing the glorification of status, wealth, and desire reduces the incentives for conflict.

Original Chinese text

English translation

Therefore, in the sage’s governance, minds are cleared, bellies are filled, striving ambitions are softened, and bodies are strengthened.

Good governance first secures basic life, eases agitated ambition and anxiety, and gives people a stable foundation.

Original Chinese text

English translation

Keep people free from manipulative cleverness and excessive desire.

This does not call for ignorance; it calls for reducing scheming knowledge that fuels rivalry and wants that have no natural limit.

Original Chinese text

English translation

Let those who rely on clever schemes not dare to interfere.

When institutions and customs do not reward manipulation, people who would disrupt order through cunning have less room to act.

Original Chinese text

English translation

Govern by acting without force, and nothing will remain ungoverned.

By responding to actual conditions and restraining excessive intervention, affairs can settle into order through their own patterns.

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