32. The Nameless Uncarved Block
Text
English translation
Original Chinese text
道常无名。
English translation
The Way is enduring, yet it has no fixed name.
A name identifies a limited aspect of something. As the underlying course of all things, the Way cannot be fully contained by a single concept.
Original Chinese text
朴虽小，天下莫能臣也。
English translation
Though the uncarved block seems small, nothing in the world can make it a subject.
The uncarved block represents an original wholeness not yet divided or shaped by human schemes. It is unassuming, yet no limited power can master it.
Original Chinese text
侯王若能守之，万物将自宾。
English translation
If lords and rulers can hold to it, all things will come of themselves into willing accord.
When rulers reduce coercion and private ambition, allowing things to develop according to their nature, order can arise without constant pressure.
Original Chinese text
天地相合，以降甘露，民莫之令而自均。
English translation
Heaven and earth join in harmony and send down sweet dew. No one commands it, yet it is naturally shared evenly among the people.
The dew pictures a benefit that arises naturally and reaches everyone. Sound order need not depend entirely on commands; harmony can distribute its benefits without compulsion.
Original Chinese text
始制有名，名亦既有，夫亦将知止，知止所以不殆。
English translation
Once distinctions are established, names arise. When names have arisen, one must also know where to stop. Knowing where to stop keeps danger away.
Categories and institutions are needed in practical government, but endless division and expansion can become restrictive. Recognizing limits prevents the system from running out of control.
Original Chinese text
譬道之在天下，犹川谷之与江海。
English translation
The Way's presence in the world is like streams in the valleys flowing toward rivers and the sea.
Rivers and seas gather many currents because they lie low. The image shows all things naturally tending toward the Way and also suggests humility and openness in those who follow it.