18. When the Way Declines

English translation

When the great way is abandoned, benevolence and duty are proclaimed. When cleverness appears, great deception arises. When families are divided, filial devotion and parental care are praised. When the state is in disorder, loyal ministers stand out.

The point is not simply to reject these virtues. It is that they become conspicuous—and may become mere display—after natural relationships and sound order have already broken down.