2. 感遇·其二（张九龄）
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现代汉语译文
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江南有丹橘，经冬犹绿林。
现代汉语译文
江南有丹红的橘树，经历严冬依然一片翠绿。
「犹」字下得重：南国入秋草木已凋，橘树却扛过了整个冬天。这一联把橘树放到与寻常草木的对比里。
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岂伊地气暖，自有岁寒心。
现代汉语译文
难道只因为南方地气温暖？它本就有耐寒的品性。
先反问，再落一句断语，一纵一收。若只是水土之利，就谈不上可贵；说成「自有」，赞颂才算落到实处。「岁寒心」本是说松柏的话，移到橘树上，是把橘树抬高了。
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可以荐嘉客，奈何阻重深。
现代汉语译文
这样的果实本可献给贵客，无奈山重水远，阻隔重重。
屈原《橘颂》说橘「受命不迁」，这里接上「荐嘉客」，橘从自守之德变成可用的才具。转折落在一个「奈何」上：东西是好的，路不通。
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运命唯所遇，循环不可寻。
现代汉语译文
命运只看赶上什么际遇，其中的往复循环无从推究。
诗由橘及人。语气像是听任安排，底下压着难言的隐衷：一个人能做成多少事，并不全由自己。这一联是诗人从物象退回自身的落点。
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徒言树桃李，此木岂无阴。
现代汉语译文
人们只说要种桃李，这橘树难道就不能遮阴吗？
「树」是种植的意思。桃李之喻暗指当时得势的人，诗人并不争辩，只反问一句：有用与没用，标准是谁定的。全诗收在这个问题上。
赏析 · Commentary
岁寒心 · A Heart That Withstands Cold
「江南有丹橘，经冬犹绿林」先给一个事实，接着用两句排除掉最容易的解释：不是江南地气暖，是橘自己有耐寒的本性。屈原《橘颂》写过「受命不迁，生南国兮」，张九龄接的正是这个传统——橘的难得不在果实，在于它不迁。前四句分三步走：摆出现象、否定俗解、给出理由。
The first line gives a fact — red tangerine trees in the south stay green through winter — and the next two rule out the easiest explanation for it. It is not that the southern climate is mild. The tree has a nature that withstands cold. Qu Yuan's "Ode to the Orange" had written that the tree receives its charge and does not migrate, and Zhang Jiuling is taking up exactly that tradition: what makes the orange rare is not its fruit but its refusal to move. The first four lines move in three steps: present the fact, reject the obvious reading, give the real reason.
阻重深 · The Way Is Blocked
「可以荐嘉客，奈何阻重深」把上一节的「有本心」推回现实：果子本来能献给贵客，只是山水重重，送不到。有才能不等于有路。张九龄此时在荆州，离长安很远，「重深」既是地理也是人事。他不说是谁挡了路，只说路远，这个分寸是刻意的。
"It could be offered to an honoured guest — but the way is blocked, deep and far." The couplet pushes the earlier claim about inborn nature back into the real world. The fruit is good enough to present; the mountains and rivers simply do not allow it to arrive. Having the quality is not the same as having a road. Zhang Jiuling was at Jingzhou, a long way from Chang'an, and "deep and far" describes the geography and the court politics at once. He does not name whoever blocked him. He says only that the distance is great, and that reticence is deliberate.
桃李之问 · The Question About Peach and Plum
「徒言树桃李，此木岂无阴」以反问收尾：人们只说种桃李，难道橘树就不能成荫？前一句「循环不可寻」已经把命运说成无法追索，到这里本可以停了，他又追问一句。这更像不服，不像怨。全诗从橘的耐寒起，到橘不被人种止，中间隔着「阻重深」，落点回到物的价值本身。
The poem ends on a question: people talk only of planting peach and plum — can this tree not cast shade as well? The preceding line had already declared fate untraceable, which is where the poem might have stopped. Instead he asks once more. It reads less like a complaint than like a refusal to accept the answer. The whole piece begins with the orange's hardiness and ends with the orange's never being planted, with the blocked road standing between them, and the final emphasis falls back on the worth of the thing itself.