ChineseStudy

246. 江南曲（李益）

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正文

现代汉语译文

嫁（jià）得（dé）瞿（qú）塘（táng）贾（gǔ），（）朝（cháo）朝（cháo）误（wù）妾（qiè）期（qī）。（）

嫁给一位往来瞿塘的商人，他天天耽误归期，让我一次次空等。

“贾”读 gǔ，指商人。“误妾期”是丈夫未按约归来，使妻子的等待一次次落空。

早（zǎo）知（zhī）潮（cháo）有（yǒu）信（xìn），（）嫁（jià）与（yǔ）弄（nòng）潮（cháo）儿（ér）。（）

早知道潮水涨落这样守信，当初还不如嫁给熟悉潮汐的弄潮人。

“潮有信”指潮汐按时涨落。“弄潮儿”是熟悉水性、随潮活动的人；气话用潮水的准时反衬商人的失约。

赏析 · Commentary

埋怨落在“信”字上 · The Complaint Turns on Keeping Faith

商人远行本有生计缘由，诗中的妻子真正不满的是归期一再落空。潮水没有人的感情，却能按时来去；丈夫会说归期，反而不能守约。“信”既是潮汐规律，也是人与人之间的信用，末句的反讽由此成立。

The merchant may have practical reasons for traveling, but the wife's grievance is repeated failure to return as promised. The tide has no human feeling, yet comes and goes on time; the husband can name a date, yet does not keep it. Faith means both tidal regularity and trust between people, which gives the final line its irony.

“嫁与弄潮儿”是一句气话 · I Would Have Married a Tide Rider Is Bitter Speech

末句不必理解成她真的可以重新选择婚姻，而是等待太久后的反语。她把丈夫与潮水比较，把失望说成一个不可能重来的选择。口吻近于民歌，直白、带刺，也因此让长期独守的处境在短短四句中显出来。

The final line need not be read as a literal plan to choose another husband. It is bitter counterfactual speech after waiting too long. She compares husband with tide and turns disappointment into a choice that cannot be remade. The folk-song directness is sharp enough to reveal years of solitary waiting in four lines.

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