266. 乌衣巷（刘禹锡）
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现代汉语译文
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朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜。
现代汉语译文
朱雀桥边，长满了野草野花；乌衣巷口，夕阳斜斜地照着。
“朱雀桥”是六朝都城建康（今南京）秦淮河上的浮桥；“乌衣巷”是东晋时王导、谢安等豪门聚居之地。如今桥边杂草丛生、巷口只剩斜阳，昔日的繁华已经过去。
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旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。
现代汉语译文
当年在王导、谢安家堂前筑巢的燕子，如今飞进了普通百姓的家中。
“王谢”指东晋豪门王氏、谢氏，代指昔日的显贵；“寻常”是平常、普通。燕子不认门第，仍在原处筑巢，屋主却由豪门换成了百姓；诗人借燕子的不变，反衬人事的全非。
赏析 · Commentary
用一只燕子写兴亡 · Rise and Fall Told by a Swallow
诗没有直接议论六朝的盛衰，只选了燕子这个见证者。它还在同一条巷子里，还是照旧筑巢，变化发生在屋子的主人身上：从王谢豪门到寻常百姓。旧与新由同一只燕子的飞行连在一起，兴亡之感因此具体可见。
The poem never states outright that the Six Dynasties rose and fell; it chooses a swallow as witness. The bird is still in the same lane, still nesting as before. What has changed is who lives in the houses—from the great clans Wang and Xie to ordinary folk. One swallow's flight joins past and present, so the sense of decline becomes visible.
夕阳与野草先说出了一半答案 · Sunset and Weeds Give Half the Answer
前两句其实已经暗示了结局：桥边无人打理，长满野草花；巷口只剩夕阳。等后两句燕子出现，读者才明白这片荒凉曾经属于谁。刘禹锡把小景写得平静，越平静，越能显出盛衰之重。
The opening couplet already hints at the outcome: no one tends the bridge, so wild flowers and grass take over, and only the setting sun lights the lane. When the swallows appear, the reader realizes whose splendor this desolation once was. Liu Yuxi keeps the small scene calm, and the calmer it is, the more the weight of rise and fall shows through.