26. 初发扬子寄元大校书（韦应物）
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现代汉语译文
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凄凄去亲爱，泛泛入烟雾。
现代汉语译文
凄凄地离开亲近的人，飘飘荡荡地驶进烟雾里。
「凄凄」是心情，「泛泛」是船。两个叠词一前一后，走的人和被留下的东西就都出来了。
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归棹洛阳人，残钟广陵树。
现代汉语译文
这一桨一桨划向洛阳的人，耳边是广陵残留的钟声，眼里是那边的树。
两句都不写完整的句子，只摆出两样东西：钟声和树。上句说去哪，下句说身后，中间没有动词相连。
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今朝此为别，何处还相遇。
现代汉语译文
今天在这里分手，往后在哪里还能碰上呢。
问句问得很直，不修饰。这一句把前两联的景收住，让它有了具体的原因。
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世事波上舟，沿洄安得住。
现代汉语译文
世上的事就像波上的一条船，顺着流、逆着流，哪里停得住。
末句用回头望船的样子收尾。前面「泛泛」是实写，这里「波上舟」是虚写，同一个形象用了两次。
赏析 · Commentary
两个叠词走在前头 · Two Doubled Words to Begin
「凄凄」「泛泛」在诗里位置要紧。前一个写人的心情，后一个写船的样子，两句都靠这四个字立住。叠词的好处是不必说「很」或「非常」，把分量交给声音自己。船往烟雾里走，越走越看不清，情绪也就从这个「看不清」里出来，韦应物没有另外描写难过。
The doubled words matter to how the poem begins. One writes the man's feeling, the other the boat's look, and each line stands on its four characters. The benefit of doubling is that no word like "very" is needed; the weight is carried by the sound. The boat passes into the mist and grows harder to see, and the feeling comes out of that loss of sight — Wei Yingwu never describes the sadness separately.
钟声和树各说一头 · A Bell and Some Trees, One at Each End
第二联只有两样东西：一个还在响的钟，一片岸上的树。上句说自己是要回洛阳的人，下句说身后留下的广陵。「残」字写的是钟声正在散去，正和船在走、人在远相配。两句之间没有动词，读的时候空间一下拉开，声音在身后，路在前头。这是全诗最不肯把话说尽的十个字。
The second couplet holds only two things: a bell still sounding and trees on the bank. The first line names the man going home to Luoyang, the second names the Guangling he leaves behind. The word for "fading" says the bell is dying away, which fits a boat moving and a man receding. There is no verb between the lines, so the space opens up in one step, sound behind and road ahead. These ten characters are the least willing in the poem to say everything.
最后又回到水面上 · Back to the Water at the End
第二联的「归棹」已经是一条船，末句又把船拿出来，前后接上了。「世事波上舟」不是新比喻，是一天下来攒出来的：从出发起他就一直在水面上，走了一程才明白自己也在这条船上。「沿洄安得住」用问句收，不留安慰的话，也不给下一次见面的日子。
The oars in the second couplet already imply a boat, and the last line brings the boat back out, joining the two. The boat on the waves is not a new figure; it has been gathering all day — he has been on the water since setting out, and only after a stretch of it does he see that he is in the same boat as everything else. The closing question offers no comfort and no date for meeting again.