279. 遣怀(杜牧)

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正文

现代汉语译文

正文

落(luò)魄(tuò)江(jiāng)湖(hú)载(zài)酒(jiǔ)行(xíng),()楚(chǔ)腰(yāo)纤(xiān)细(xì)掌(zhǎng)中(zhōng)轻(qīng)。()

现代汉语译文

我落魄失意,载着酒在江湖间漫游;那细腰的美人轻盈得仿佛能在掌上起舞。

“落魄”写仕途失意、漂泊无定,“载酒行”写借酒放浪。“楚腰”用楚王好细腰的典故,指美人纤细的腰身;“掌中轻”用赵飞燕掌上起舞的典故,形容舞姿轻盈。两句追忆当年在扬州纵酒游冶的生活。

正文

十(shí)年(nián)一(yī)觉(jué)扬(yáng)州(zhōu)梦(mèng),()赢(yíng)得(dé)青(qīng)楼(lóu)薄(bó)幸(xìng)名(míng)。()

现代汉语译文

十年扬州的生活,如今想来不过像一场大梦;到头来只落得个在歌楼妓馆里薄情负心的名声。

“十年”是概数,指在扬州一带滞留的岁月。“青楼”指歌楼妓馆;“薄幸”是薄情、负心。两句从追忆转到醒悟:往日的欢娱醒来成空,留给自己的只有一个并不光彩的名声。

赏析 · Commentary

用两个典故写一段荒唐 · A Wild Stretch Told Through Two Allusions

前两句不直说美人如何,而用“楚腰”“掌中”两个旧典来形容,把扬州的歌舞写得轻艳。后两句却从声色里抽身,说这一切不过一场梦。前面的热闹与后面的空,落差很大,自嘲的意味也正在这个落差里。

The opening couplet does not describe the women directly; it borrows two old allusions—the waist of Chu and the palm—to make Yangzhou's song and dance shimmer. The closing couplet pulls away from the revelry and calls it all a dream. The gap between the brilliance and the emptiness is wide, and the self-mockery lies precisely in that gap.

“赢得”两个字的分量 · The Weight of 'All I Have Won'

末句的“赢得”表面是“获得”,其实带着反讽:十年纵情,换来的不是功名,而是一个薄情的名声。杜牧不替自己辩解,也不刻意悔恨,只把结果平实地摆出来,让读者自己去衡量这十年的代价。

The words all I have won look like something gained, but they are ironic: ten years of indulgence brought not honor but a reputation for fickleness. Du Mu neither excuses himself nor performs repentance; he simply sets the outcome before the reader and lets it weigh the cost of those ten years.

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