221. 八阵图（杜甫）
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现代汉语译文
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功盖三分国，名成八阵图。
现代汉语译文
诸葛亮的功业冠绝三国鼎立的时代，他也因八阵图而留下盛名。
“三分国”指魏、蜀、吴三国鼎立；“八阵图”既指诸葛亮的军阵，也联系到夔州江边传说中的八阵遗迹。
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江流石不转，遗恨失吞吴。
现代汉语译文
江水不断冲流，八阵石却没有转移；留下的遗憾，是蜀汉出兵吞并东吴而失败。
末句常联系刘备伐吴失利以及诸葛亮未能挽回蜀汉大局。“遗恨”不宜只算作诸葛亮个人的悔恨，也包含后人面对历史结局的惋惜。
赏析 · Commentary
前两句论功，后两句见遗迹 · Achievement First, Ruins Second
开头从整个三国时代评价诸葛亮，尺度很大；后半忽然落到江边不动的石头。功业和名声属于历史判断，江流与石阵则是眼前所见。杜甫把两者接在一起，使八阵图既是军事才能的象征，也是盛衰之后仍留在现场的遗迹。
The opening judges Zhuge Liang on the scale of the entire Three Kingdoms era; the second half suddenly lands on stones beside a river. Achievement and fame belong to historical judgment, while river and formation are objects before the eye. Joining them makes the Eightfold Formation both a sign of military ability and a ruin remaining after political fortunes have passed.
石不转，历史已经转了 · The Stones Do Not Move; History Has
“江流石不转”把变化与不变并置：江水一直向前，石阵仍在原处，而蜀汉早已消失。结句没有简单归咎某个人。刘备伐吴破坏联盟，夷陵败后国势受损，诸葛亮此后的北伐也未能完成统一。一个“恨”字收下这段无法改写的结局。
The river flows, the stones do not: the line sets change against endurance. Water moves on, the formation remains, and Shu-Han has vanished. The final line does not reduce the outcome to one person's fault. Liu Bei's war against Wu broke the alliance and weakened his state after defeat at Yiling; Zhuge Liang's later northern campaigns did not achieve reunification. One word, regret, gathers up a history that cannot be rewritten.