ChineseStudy

260. 寒食（韩翃）

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现代汉语译文

春（chūn）城（chéng）无（wú）处（chù）不（bù）飞（fēi）花（huā），（）寒（hán）食（shí）东（dōng）风（fēng）御（yù）柳（liǔ）斜（xié）。（）

春日的长安城里，没有一处不飘着落花；寒食节这天，东风把宫苑边的柳枝吹得斜斜摆动。

“寒食”在清明前一两天，旧俗禁火、吃冷食。“春城”指春日的京都长安；“御柳”是靠近宫苑的柳树。落花纷飞、柳条斜拂，正是寒食前后的春景。

日（rì）暮（mù）汉（hàn）宫（gōng）传（chuán）蜡（là）烛（zhú），（）轻（qīng）烟（yān）散（sàn）入（rù）五（wǔ）侯（hóu）家（jiā）。（）

傍晚时分，宫中传出御赐的蜡烛，淡淡的轻烟飘散进受宠权贵的家中。

“汉宫”借汉代指唐朝宫廷。“传蜡烛”写寒食禁火之后，皇帝把火种（蜡烛）赐给近臣，是恩宠的表示。“五侯”泛指得宠的显贵。诗只写赐火这一件事，褒贬含而不露。

赏析 · Commentary

满城春色与几户人家的火光 · Spring Everywhere, Firelight for a Few

前两句把镜头放在整座春城：花开到无处不飞，风也照顾到宫苑的柳。后两句忽然收紧到黄昏的宫门，赐出的蜡烛只送进少数权贵之家。同一座城里，寒食的禁令人人遵守，能够重新点火的却只有得宠的人。

The first couplet takes in the whole spring capital: blossoms drift everywhere, and the wind reaches even the palace willows. The last two lines suddenly narrow to the palace gate at dusk, where the candles are sent out to only a few powerful households. In one city everyone keeps the Cold Food ban, yet only the favored are granted fire again.

不下一句评语的讽意 · Satire That Passes No Verdict

诗里没有一句批评，只把“赐烛”这件恩典写得清清楚楚。读者若知道寒食禁火、赐火只给近臣，就能读出其中的偏向：明媚的春天属于全城，特殊的待遇却归于豪门。韩翃不点明褒贬，语气越平静，意味越耐咀嚼。

The poem contains not one word of criticism; it simply presents the bestowal of candles plainly. A reader who knows that Cold Food forbids fire and that relighting it was a privilege for favored ministers can sense the imbalance: the bright spring belongs to the whole city, while special treatment goes to great houses. Han Hong names no judgment, and the calmer the tone, the longer the implication lingers.

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