277. 泊秦淮（杜牧）
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现代汉语译文
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烟笼寒水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。
现代汉语译文
轻烟笼罩着寒冷的水面，月光笼罩着岸边沙地；夜里，我的船停泊在秦淮河上，靠近一家酒肆。
“笼”是笼罩、覆盖，两个“笼”字把烟、水、月、沙连成一片朦胧的夜景。“秦淮”是流经金陵（今南京）的河，六朝以来两岸繁华，多酒家歌楼。船近酒家，为下文听见歌声埋下伏笔。
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商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花。
现代汉语译文
卖唱的歌女不懂得亡国的痛恨，隔着江水，还在唱那支《后庭花》。
“商女”指卖唱的歌女。“后庭花”即《玉树后庭花》，相传为南朝陈后主所作，后世视为亡国之音。“隔江”写歌声从对岸传来。歌女唱什么由听者点定，真正在沉醉的大约是座上的宾客；诗人借歌声点出时人不知警醒。
赏析 · Commentary
朦胧的夜与刺耳的歌声 · A Hazy Night and a Jarring Song
前两句把秦淮夜景写得又冷又柔：烟、水、月、沙，浑然一片。就在这样的夜里，隔江传来《后庭花》的曲调。景越静美，歌声越显得不合时宜；诗人一句评语都没有下，忧愤却已经压不住。
The opening couplet renders the Qinhuai night both cold and soft: mist, water, moon, and sand melt into one. Into just such a night drifts the tune of The Backcourt Flowers from across the river. The quieter and lovelier the scene, the more out of place the song seems; the poet passes no verdict, yet his anger can no longer be contained.
该被责怪的是谁 · Who Should Be Blamed
诗说“商女不知”，字面上是唱者无知；可歌女要靠卖唱为生，唱什么往往由客人决定。被讽刺的其实是在酒家里寻欢、对国事无动于衷的人。杜牧把矛头藏在一句看似责备歌女的话里，问一句“谁点的这支曲子”，意思便出来了。
The poem says the singing girls do not know, which on the surface faults the performers; but they earn their living by singing and usually sing what the guests ask for. The satire falls on those who seek pleasure in the wineshop and care nothing for the nation's affairs. Du Mu hides the point in a line that seems to blame the singers; ask who requested that tune, and the meaning surfaces.