233. 何满子（张祜）
正文
现代汉语译文
正文
故国三千里，深宫二十年。
现代汉语译文
离故乡远隔三千里，被困在深宫里已经二十年。
两个数量未必是精确统计，作用是把空间和时间同时拉长。宫中女子离乡既远，入宫又久。
正文
一声何满子，双泪落君前。
现代汉语译文
一曲《何满子》才唱出口，两行眼泪便落在君王面前。
《何满子》是曲调名。“君前”常理解为君王面前；歌声把多年压住的乡愁和身世之感一并引出。
赏析 · Commentary
三千里与二十年 · Three Thousand Miles and Twenty Years
第一句量距离，第二句量时间，两个尺度把人物围住。她不能回到三千里外的故乡，也无法取回已经过去的二十年。诗没有描写宫殿陈设，“深宫”二字已经说明空间的封闭。到第三句才出现歌声，沉默得越久，落泪便越突然。
The first line measures distance, the second time, and the two dimensions close around the figure. She cannot return to a homeland three thousand miles away or recover twenty years already spent. No palace furnishings are described; deep palace is enough to establish enclosure. Song appears only in the third line, and the longer the preceding silence, the more sudden the tears.
歌声不是表演的全部 · More Than a Performance
宫中唱曲本可视作娱人的表演，这首诗却让表演在第一声就破裂。歌词或曲调触动了唱者自身的记忆，她不能继续只是一个供人观看和聆听的角色。末句中的泪让台前的君王看见，却没有说明他是否理解。
A palace song could be treated as entertainment, but here the performance breaks open at its first phrase. The tune touches the singer's own memory, and she can no longer remain only a figure to be watched and heard. Her tears become visible to the ruler, though the poem does not say whether he understands them.