122. 寻南溪常道士（刘长卿）
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现代汉语译文
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一路经行处，莓苔见屐痕。
现代汉语译文
一路走过的地方，青苔上留着木屐的印痕。
题是「寻」，第一句就写寻的过程。「屐痕」是人迹，说明这条路上常有人走。
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白云依静渚，春草闭闲门。
现代汉语译文
白云依着安静的水洲，春草长起来，把那扇闲门遮住了。
「闭」字是草把门封住的意思，不是人关门——道观清静，久无人来。
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过雨看松色，随山到水源。
现代汉语译文
雨过后看松树的颜色，顺着山势一直走到溪水的源头。
「过雨」是雨刚停。「随山」是不刻意，顺着山走。这两句写的是寻人不成之后的漫游，节奏松弛下来。
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溪花与禅意，相对亦忘言。
现代汉语译文
溪边的花和这一片禅意，相对看着，也就忘了要说的话。
「忘言」出自陶渊明「此中有真意，欲辨已忘言」。人没寻到，倒得了另一件东西。
赏析 · Commentary
寻人不遇，诗却更完整 · A Failed Errand That Completes the Poem
常道士不在，这首诗的效果反而更好。四联的次序是一次转身：先去寻人（见屐痕），再看见门被封住（知道人不在），于是改为看景（松色、水源），最后坐下来对着溪花，连话也不想说了。寻而不遇原本是个落空的事，被处理成一次意外的收获。唐诗里这类「不遇」的诗不少，好在都写在转身之后。
The Daoist Chang is out, and the poem is better for it. The four couplets turn once: first the search (clog prints), then the sealed door (he is not in), then a shift to scenery (pine colour, the spring's source), and at last sitting before the stream flowers with nothing left to say. An errand that fails is turned into an unplanned gain. Tang verse has many "not at home" poems, and their strength lies in what happens after the turn.
从「屐痕」到「忘言」 · From Clog Prints to Forgetting Words
第一句的屐痕是人留下的痕迹，末句的忘言是连话都不需要了，中间跨过的是整个寻找的过程。刘长卿把这两端放在一起，实际写的是一个人怎样从「找人」变成「不用找了」。全诗没有一个字说自己心情好转，但「随」字和「忘」字已经把变化说清楚。
The clog prints in the first line are a trace a person left; the forgetting of words in the last is needing no words at all, and what lies between is the entire search. Placing the two ends together, Liu Changqing is really writing how a man stops looking. Not one word reports a change of mood, but "following" and "forgetting" have already said it.
「闭」字是这首诗的转折点 · "Close": The Poem's Turning Point
第二联的「春草闭闲门」是全诗的枢纽。一个「闭」字告诉读者人不在，同时也描绘了一处很久没人打理的院子。如果这里写成「叩门无人应」，诗就停在挫折上；写成草把门封了，挫折就变成了处境，可以继续看下去。用景物承担情节，是唐诗省字的一个办法。
"Spring grass closes the idle door" is the pivot. The one word "close" tells the reader no one is in, and at the same time draws a courtyard long untended. Had it read "I knocked and no one answered," the poem would stop at frustration; with the grass sealing the door, frustration becomes a situation one can keep looking at. Letting scenery carry plot is one way Tang verse saves words.