232. 问刘十九（白居易）
正文
现代汉语译文
正文
绿蚁新醅酒，红泥小火炉。
现代汉语译文
新酿的米酒上浮着细小的绿色酒沫，红泥做的小火炉已经生起。
“绿蚁”不是蚂蚁，而是新酒表面细密浮沫；“醅”是尚未滤清的酒。绿酒、红炉先把待客环境备好。
正文
晚来天欲雪，能饮一杯无？
现代汉语译文
傍晚天气看来就要下雪了，你能不能过来喝上一杯？
“无”是问句语气，相当于“吗”。风雪将至使相聚有了理由，也让一杯热酒显得更亲切。
赏析 · Commentary
邀请发出以前，东西已经备齐 · Everything Is Ready Before the Invitation
诗没有先说“请你来”，而是依次摆出新酒、火炉和将下的雪。等到最后一句开口，读者已经知道为什么该来。邀请显得自然，因为它不是礼貌套话：酒刚酿好，炉火正暖，天气也正适合两个人坐下。
The poem does not begin by asking the friend to come. It first sets out fresh wine, a stove, and approaching snow. By the final line, the reason for visiting is already clear. The invitation feels natural rather than ceremonial: the wine is newly made, the fire warm, and the weather right for sitting together.
颜色让冬夜先暖起来 · Color Warms the Winter Evening First
前两句最醒目的是绿和红。绿色来自新酒浮沫，红色来自泥炉，不是华丽陈设，都是寻常生活用品。雪还没有落，寒意已经逼近；这两点颜色先在屋内形成温度。诗的亲切也来自这种分寸：只问一杯，不作盛宴。
Green and red are the first couplet's strongest features. One comes from fresh wine foam, the other from an ordinary clay stove; neither is luxurious. Snow has not begun, but cold is near, and these two colors establish warmth indoors. The poem's intimacy also lies in its scale: one cup is offered, not a feast.