118. 早寒有怀（孟浩然）
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现代汉语译文
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木落雁南度，北风江上寒。
现代汉语译文
树叶凋落，大雁向南飞去；北风一吹，江面上就冷了。
「度」同「渡」，是飞过。上句写物候，下句写身体的感觉。开头两句全是秋的信号。
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我家襄水曲，遥隔楚云端。
现代汉语译文
我的家在襄水转弯的地方，隔着遥远的楚地云头。
襄阳在汉水（襄水）之滨，属古楚地。以「云端」写距离，把地理的空旷感写出来了。
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乡泪客中尽，孤帆天际看。
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思乡的眼泪在客居的日子里已经流尽，我望着天边那一片孤帆。
「尽」字用得重：泪不是没流，是流干了。孤帆既可能是别人还乡的船，也可能是自己的——两种读法都通。
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迷津欲有问，平海夕漫漫。
现代汉语译文
想找个人问路，却四顾茫然；暮色里，平展的江面漫无边际。
「迷津」用《论语》长沮桀溺的典故，问津是问路，也暗含问人生的出路。「平海」指开阔的江面。末句没有回答，问题就悬在那里。
赏析 · Commentary
从身体感到心里 · From the Body to the Heart
前四句像一个人在江边站定：先看见落叶和南飞的大雁，然后觉得冷，然后想起家在襄水，然后眼泪尽了。顺序是从外到内、从冷到痛。第五句「孤帆天际看」是个停顿，把视线推向远处，也为末联的问题腾出空间。全诗不写自己多难过，只写做了什么、看见了什么。
The first four lines stand a man at a riverbank: he sees the falling leaves and the geese flying south, then feels the cold, then remembers his home on the Xiang, then finds his tears used up. The order moves from outside in, from cold to grief. "A lone sail at the edge of the sky" is a pause that pushes the eye outward and clears room for the question at the end. The poem never tells us how sad he is; it tells us what he did and saw.
末句为什么不给答案 · Why the Last Line Gives No Answer
「迷津欲有问」把归隐与求仕的选择摆在读者面前，末句却只有一片暮江。这不是写不下去，是刻意不答——问路的人不知道答案，诗就照实留着空白。这种收法比给一个「不如归去」的结论更近于实情：在襄阳与长安之间，孟浩然确实没有找到路。诗的可信，有一半来自它肯停在不确定上。
"Mistaken ford, and I would ask" sets the choice between retreat and office before the reader; the last line offers only a darkening river. This is not a poem that ran out of steam but one that deliberately withholds — the man asking the way does not know, and the poem leaves the blank as it is. That close comes closer to fact than a tidy "better go home": between Xiangyang and Chang'an, Meng Haoran genuinely found no road. Half the poem's credibility comes from its willingness to stop at the uncertain.
「寒」字是全诗的枢纽 · "Cold": The Poem's Pivot
第二句的「寒」有一半在写天气，一半在写心情，往下所有的内容都从这里长出来。大雁南飞是回应季节，望云端是回应距离，泪尽是回应孤独，孤帆是回应无依。一个形容词管住了四联，这就是唐诗炼字的意思——不是找漂亮的字，是找一个能接住的字。
The word "cold" in the second line is half weather and half mood, and everything after it grows from there. The geese answer the season, the clouds answer the distance, spent tears answer solitude, the lone sail answers having nothing to lean on. One adjective governs four couplets. That is what "forging a word" means in Tang verse: not finding a pretty character but finding one that can hold.