185. 寄李儋元锡（韦应物）
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现代汉语译文
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去年花里逢君别，今日花开又一年。
现代汉语译文
去年花开的时节与你分别，今日花又开了，又过去了一年。
以花开纪年：两次花开之间是一整年的别离。朴素的开头里藏着一个时间的闭环——花是唯一守时的信使。
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世事茫茫难自料，春愁黯黯独成眠。
现代汉语译文
世事茫茫，连自己的命运也难以预料；春愁黯黯，独自睡去。
此诗作于滁州刺史任上，时长安尚被朱泚之乱占据——世事茫茫有实指：皇帝逃难，朝讯不通。
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身多疾病思田里，邑有流亡愧俸钱。
现代汉语译文
自己多病，想归隐田园；可辖区内还有流亡的百姓，拿着俸禄实在惭愧。
邑有流亡愧俸钱是全诗名句，被范仲淹叹为「仁者之言」——辖区还有逃荒的百姓，我就没资格领这份工资。
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闻道欲来相问讯，西楼望月几回圆。
现代汉语译文
听说你们要来看我，我登上西楼望月——月亮已经圆过几回了？
结句把等待写成月相：听说要来之后的每一个月圆都在计数。几回圆的问法与首联的花开又一年同构——用自然周期丈量人情。
赏析 · Commentary
「邑有流亡愧俸钱」：中国诗歌里最有名的愧 · The Salary Shames Me: the Most Famous Shame in Chinese Poetry
颈联下句被范仲淹称为「仁者之言」，历代传诵不衰。它的力量在算术式的朴素：辖区里有百姓流亡——俸禄照领——惭愧。三个事实并排放着，中间不需要任何论证。韦应物作为滁州刺史，完全可以像多数官员那样把流亡归咎于兵乱、归咎于朝廷、归咎于时运；他选择把责任留在自己身上。这层自责在唐代诗歌里极其罕见：杜甫写「朱门酒肉臭」是替百姓控诉，韦应物写「愧俸钱」是替自己清账。苏轼后来「愧尔朝中禄」式的句子，都是这一脉的回声。
The second line of the third couplet was called by Fan Zhongyan the words of a humane man, and has been recited ever since. Its power is arithmetic in plain clothes: refugees in my county — salary still drawn — shame. Three facts set side by side, no argument needed between them. As prefect of Chuzhou, Wei Yingwu could have blamed the flight of the people on the wars, on the court, on fate, as most officials did; he keeps the responsibility on himself. Such self-audit is rare in Tang poetry: Du Fu's behind vermilion gates meat and wine go to waste indicts on the people's behalf; Wei's the salary shames me clears accounts against himself. Su Shi's later echoes of the same feeling are this line's descendants.
世事的实指：朱泚之乱中的滁州刺史 · The Concrete Behind the Vast and Dim: a Prefect in the Time of Zhu Ci's Rebellion
这首诗约作于建中四年至兴元元年（783–784）滁州任上，正值朱泚之乱：泾原兵变、德宗出逃奉天，长安沦陷近一年。世事茫茫难自料因此有精确的所指——皇帝下落不明，朝讯中断，一个地方官对未来一无所知。春愁黯黯也由此加深：不只是节候之愁，是乱局中守土者的愁。理解了这个背景，韦应物「愧俸钱」的分量更重：他治下的滁州并非重灾区，但在一个朝廷自身难保的年份，他仍然用中央的标准要求自己——俸钱是朝廷发的，朝廷的百姓还在流亡。
The poem dates from about 783–784 in his Chuzhou prefecture, exactly the time of Zhu Ci's rebellion: the Jingyuan troops mutinied, Emperor Dezong fled to Fengtian, and Chang'an lay occupied for nearly a year. The affairs of the world vast and dim is therefore precise — the emperor's whereabouts unknown, news from the court cut off, a provincial official knowing nothing of tomorrow. The dark spring sorrow deepens accordingly: not the mood of the season but the care of a man holding the ground in a collapsing year. With this background, the weight of the salary shames me grows: Chuzhou under his charge was not the worst hit, yet in a year when the court itself barely survived he held himself to the court's own standard — the pay was the court's, and the court's people were still fleeing.
花开与月圆：韦应物的时间计量法 · Opening Flowers and Rounding Moons: Wei Yingwu's Way of Counting Time
首联用花开纪年，尾联用月圆纪时——这首诗的骨架其实是两个自然周期：年与月。朋友间消息不通，唯一的共同时钟就是天上的月亮与地上的花。西楼望月几回圆把「等你来等了多久」写成月亮圆缺的次数，比任何直说都准确：几回是含混的数字，也是精确的心情——数不清了，但一直在数。韦应物诗以冲淡著称，这种冲淡不是没有情感，而是把情感放进自然节律里让它自己发酵。与《寄全椒山中道士》的「落叶满空山，何处寻行迹」对读，可见他处理「人不在眼前」这一主题的两种笔法。
The first couplet counts by flowers opening, the last by moons rounding — the poem's frame is two natural cycles, the year and the month. Between friends cut off from news, the only clock they share is the moon above and the flowers below. From the west tower, how many times has the moon rounded turns how long I have waited into a count of full moons, more exact than any statement: how many is a blurred number and a precise feeling — beyond counting, yet counted all along. Wei Yingwu's verse is famed for its mildness; the mildness is not absence of feeling but feeling placed inside nature's rhythms and left to ferment there. Read beside his Fallen leaves fill the empty mountain — where to seek your traces?, the two methods of handling the absent one are both on view.