292. 马嵬坡（郑畋）
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现代汉语译文
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玄宗回马杨妃死，云雨难忘日月新。
现代汉语译文
玄宗的车驾掉头返回长安时，杨贵妃已经死了；旧日的恩爱纵然难忘，国运却已重新有了起色。
“回马”指两京收复后玄宗由蜀地返回长安，其时安史之乱尚未完全平定。“云雨”出自宋玉《高唐赋》，后世用作男女欢爱的代称，这里指玄宗与杨贵妃的情分；“难忘”写情之深。“日月新”指两京收复、朝廷重光。一句之中，个人之痛与国家之新并置。（“难忘”一作“虽亡”，今从通行本作“难忘”。）
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终是圣明天子事，景阳宫井又何人？
现代汉语译文
这终究算是圣明君主的决断；不然的话，景阳宫那口井里躲着的，又会是谁呢？
“圣明天子”表面是称许玄宗识大体、能割舍；“终是”二字却含保留。“景阳宫井”用陈后主的故事：隋兵破城时，陈后主与宠妃张丽华等躲入景阳宫枯井，仍被俘获。诗人以陈后主作反衬：玄宗赐死贵妃，总比亡国被俘强，但“圣明”二字下藏着婉讽。
赏析 · Commentary
咏史里的两难 · An Impossible Choice in History
玄宗一边“回马”收复旧都，一边是“杨妃死”。国家的重振与爱人的死亡被放在同一句里，无法两全。诗人不替玄宗辩解，也不斥他无情，只把这两件事并排摆出，让读者自己去掂量这份“圣明”的代价。
On one side Xuanzong turns his horse back and recovers the old capital; on the other Yang the Consort dies. The state's revival and a beloved's death are placed in one line and cannot both be had. The poet neither defends Xuanzong nor calls him heartless; he sets the two facts side by side and lets the reader weigh the price of that wisdom.
拿陈后主作反衬 · Chen's Last Emperor as Foil
末句把玄宗与陈后主放在一起比：同样是危亡之际、同样有宠妃，陈后主躲进井里做了俘虏，玄宗却下令赐死了杨贵妃。说是“圣明”，其实是说玄宗只比陈后主强一点。讽意藏在“又何人”的问句里，话说得婉转，分量却不轻。
The closing line compares Xuanzong with Chen's last emperor: both at a moment of ruin, both with a favored consort—Chen hid in a well and was taken captive, while Xuanzong gave the order for Yang Guifei's death. To call him wise is really to say he was only a little better than Chen. The irony hides in the question who, then—the words are tactful, but their weight is not light.