107. 送梓州李使君（王维）
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现代汉语译文
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万壑树参天，千山响杜鹃。
现代汉语译文
千山万壑中树木高耸入云，连绵的山间响彻杜鹃的啼声。
「万壑」「千山」一开篇就把蜀地的地理铺得极大。「响杜鹃」是听觉，杜鹃声在蜀地最盛。
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山中一夜雨，树杪百重泉。
现代汉语译文
山中下了一夜的雨，树梢上挂满了层层叠叠的飞泉。
「一夜雨」是因，「百重泉」是果。十个字写出雨后山中的奇景：雨水从树梢层层流下，像百道泉水。
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汉女输橦布，巴人讼芋田。
现代汉语译文
蜀地的女子缴纳橦花织成的布，巴地的人为芋田的事打官司。
「橦布」是蜀地特产，「芋田」用卓文君与司马相如的典故。两句写蜀地的民情，是李使君到任后要面对的具体政务。
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文翁翻教授，不敢倚先贤。
现代汉语译文
文翁当年在这里兴办教育，你此去也应推行教化，不必因为前有贤者而不敢作为。
文翁是汉代蜀郡太守，兴学有功。末联以文翁的事迹勉励李使君，希望他有所作为。
赏析 · Commentary
送人赴任的诗怎么写 · How to Write a Poem for Someone Taking Up Office
送人去做官，最省力的写法是祝愿，但那样就空了。王维这首的重点在「地理」和「政务」：先铺陈蜀地的山川（万壑、千山、夜雨、飞泉），再点出当地民情（橦布、芋田），最后落到政务标杆（文翁）。四联是有逻辑的：先让你知道去的什么地方，再让你知道那里有什么事，最后给你一个可效法的先例。送别诗写到这个程度，才算真正对赴任者有用。
Sending someone to take office is easiest done with good wishes, and that comes out empty. Wang Wei's poem centers on geography and administration: first the mountains and rivers of Shu (ten thousand valleys, a thousand hills, night rain, falling water), then the local customs (kapok cloth, taro fields), and last a standard for governing (Wen Weng). The couplets have a logic: know what place you are going to, know what business awaits there, and take a precedent you can follow. A farewell poem reaches usefulness only at this level.
「山中一夜雨，树杪百重泉」的因果 · Cause and Effect in One Night of Rain
这两句的妙处是把因果关系直接摆出来，中间不需要任何过渡。上一句说下了一夜雨，下一句说树梢上到处是泉水——雨水落到山上，汇入溪流，又从高处层层流下，看起来就像树上挂了百道泉。这是王维对蜀地山形的观察：山高树密，雨后水量大，才有这样的奇景。十个字写了因果，也写了地理。
The merit of these lines is that they state cause and effect with no transition between. The first line says it rained all night; the second says water is everywhere in the treetops — rain fell on the hills, joined the streams, and ran down from height to height till it looked like a hundred springs hung on the trees. This is Wang Wei's observation of Shu's mountain forms: high hills, dense trees, heavy water after rain, and only so does the marvel appear. Ten characters give cause, effect, and geography.
末尾勉励语的分寸 · The Measure of the Closing Encouragement
「文翁翻教授，不敢倚先贤」是把前任的贤者抬出来勉励对方。这句话的分寸在于「不敢」二字：不是说你不如文翁，是说不要因为文翁做得太好就不敢再作为。这样的勉励既尊重了历史，也给了对方空间。送别诗写到这里，已经不是私人交谊的表达，还带着一点公务的期待。王维写过不少送人赴任的诗，这类结尾是他的惯用手法。
Wen Weng turned to teaching; do not rest on the worthies before you sets up a virtuous predecessor to encourage the man. The measure lies in do not rest: not that you are less than Wen Weng, but that you must not shrink from acting because Wen Weng did so well. The encouragement respects the past and leaves the other room. At this point a farewell poem is no longer only private feeling; it carries a public hope. Wang Wei wrote many poems for men taking up posts, and this kind of ending is his habit.