ChineseStudy

138. 草（白居易）

目录

正文

现代汉语译文

离（lí）离（lí）原（yuán）上（shàng）草（cǎo），（）一（yī）岁（suì）一（yī）枯（kū）荣（róng）。（）

原野上的草长得茂密，一年枯萎一次，也繁荣一次。

「离离」是茂盛的样子。「一岁一枯荣」写周期：枯与荣都是常态，不是意外。

野（yě）火（huǒ）烧（shāo）不（bù）尽（jìn），（）春（chūn）风（fēng）吹（chuī）又（yòu）生（shēng）。（）

野火烧不完它，春风一吹，它又长出来了。

这一联是全诗的名句，也是最常被引用来形容顽强的句子。注意它的写法很朴素：不说「顽强」，只写烧不尽和又生。

远（yuǎn）芳（fāng）侵（qīn）古（gǔ）道（dào），（）晴（qíng）翠（cuì）接（jiē）荒（huāng）城（chéng）。（）

远方的草香漫上古老的道路，晴天下的翠色一直连到荒废的城池。

「侵」「接」两个动词让草成了主动的一方——它不是长在路边，是在往路上、往城边推进。

又（yòu）送（sòng）王（wáng）孙（sūn）去（qù），（）萋（qī）萋（qī）满（mǎn）别（bié）情（qíng）。（）

又在这里送别远行的人，满眼茂密的草都成了离别之情。

「王孙」出自《楚辞》「王孙游兮不归，春草生兮萋萋」。「萋萋」是茂盛的样子，这里承上文的离离。

赏析 · Commentary

八句写草，其实是写别情 · Eight Lines on Grass That Are Really About Parting

这首诗的题目一作「赋得古原草送别」，说明是送别之作。前六句都在写草：草的生长周期、草的顽强、草蔓延到路和城。看起来与送别无关，但草在这里承担的是「重复」这一层意思——年年枯荣是重复，送别也是重复，被送的人走了，草照旧长出来。末联才把话说破。这种先铺后点的写法，让「别情」两个字有了分量。

An alternate title, "Grass on the Ancient Plain: Seeing Someone Off," marks this as a farewell. Six lines describe the grass: its cycle, its resilience, its spread onto road and town. None of it seems to bear on a parting, and the grass is there for repetition — the yearly withering and flourishing is repetition, and so is a farewell: the person leaves, the grass comes up again. Only the last couplet says it outright. Laying it out first gives "the feeling of parting" its weight.

「野火烧不尽」为什么流传最广 · Why "Wild Fire Cannot Burn It All" Travels Farthest

这一联没有用一个生僻字，也没有用一个典故，却把「再生」这个抽象概念写成了看得见的过程：先烧，烧不尽，风吹，又生。四个动作连成一条链，谁都能懂。白居易写诗求「老妪能解」，这一联是典型的例子。流传广不是因为辞藻好，是因为它把一个意思说到了最简。

The couplet uses no rare character and no allusion, and it turns an abstraction — regeneration — into a visible sequence: fire comes, does not finish it, wind blows, it grows again. Four actions in a chain anyone can follow. Bai Juyi aimed to write so plainly that an old woman could understand, and this couplet is the type specimen. It travels not for its diction but for saying one thing as simply as it can be said.

「侵」和「接」 · "Invade" and "Join"

第三联的两个动词是这首诗的骨节。如果写成「远芳生古道，晴翠满荒城」，草就只是长在那里；用「侵」和「接」，草就有了方向，是从原野往人类的地方推。这条推的路线经过古道，通到荒城，正好与末句送别的路重合。草铺到哪里，别情也铺到哪里。

The two verbs in the third couplet are the poem's joints. Written as "fragrance grows on the old road, green fills the ruined town," the grass would merely be there; "invades" and "joins" give it a direction, pushing out of the wild toward where people are. That line of advance runs along the old road to the ruined town, exactly where the farewell road in the last line goes. Where the grass spreads, the feeling of parting spreads with it.

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