25. 郡斋雨中与诸文士燕集(韦应物)

目录

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现代汉语译文

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兵(bīng)卫(wèi)森(sēn)画(huà)戟(jǐ),()宴(yàn)寝(qǐn)凝(níng)清(qīng)香(xiāng)。()

现代汉语译文

卫兵持着彩绘的戟,森然排列;宴会的寝堂里凝着一股清香。

一句写兵,一句写香。武的和静的摆在一起,是这个州府的两副面孔。

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海(hǎi)上(shàng)风(fēng)雨(yǔ)至(zhì),()逍(xiāo)遥(yáo)池(chí)阁(gé)凉(liáng)。()

现代汉语译文

海上的风雨过来了,池边的楼阁里一片清凉,人也自在。

「海上」把风雨的来处推到很远。风雨到得巧,宴席反而得了凉意。

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烦(fán)疴(kē)近(jìn)消(xiāo)散(sàn),()嘉(jiā)宾(bīn)复(fù)满(mǎn)堂(táng)。()

现代汉语译文

烦闷的病近来消退了,嘉宾又坐满了一堂。

「近」是近来,不是全好。「复」是有过又有了。两个虚字都留着分寸,没有把话说满。

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自(zì)惭(cán)居(jū)处(chù)崇(chóng),()未(wèi)睹(dǔ)斯(sī)民(mín)康(kāng)。()

现代汉语译文

自己惭愧住得太好,却没有看到百姓过上安定的日子。

全诗在这里掉头。前面是清凉、是满堂,这一句把坐得舒服的那个人拉出来问了一声。

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理(lǐ)会(huì)是(shì)非(fēi)遣(qiǎn),()性(xìng)达(dá)形(xíng)迹(jì)忘(wàng)。()

现代汉语译文

道理明白了,是非就放下了;性情通达了,形迹就忘了。

两句各是一组因果:前因后果排得齐整,语气也平,像在给自己讲道理。

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鲜(xiān)肥(féi)属(zhǔ)时(shí)禁(jìn),()蔬(shū)果(guǒ)幸(xìng)见(jiàn)尝(cháng)。()

现代汉语译文

荤腥正逢禁令,蔬菜果子倒还好,拿来尝尝。

「幸」字轻,是客气话。没有鱼肉,只好用蔬果,主人说得不尴尬,客也就吃得下。

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俯(fǔ)饮(yǐn)一(yī)杯(bēi)酒(jiǔ),()仰(yǎng)聆(líng)金(jīn)玉(yù)章(zhāng)。()

现代汉语译文

低头喝一杯酒,抬头听诸位的好文章。

「俯」和「仰」是一对动作,把一场宴席的秩序写出来:吃是低的,听诗是高的。

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神(shén)欢(huān)体(tǐ)自(zì)轻(qīng),()意(yì)欲(yù)凌(líng)风(fēng)翔(xiáng)。()

现代汉语译文

精神一快活,身体自己就轻了,心里想着要乘风飞起来。

「自」是不用使劲。酒没多喝,是听文章听出来的,所以这句的轻要从上一联去找。

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吴(wú)中(zhōng)盛(shèng)文(wén)史(shǐ),()群(qún)彦(yàn)今(jīn)汪(wāng)洋(yáng)。()

现代汉语译文

吴中一带文史兴盛,如今才俊多得像汪洋一样。

「汪洋」是从水上取来的词,接得住前面池阁的风雨,也接得住一屋子的人。

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方(fāng)知(zhī)大(dà)藩(fān)地(dì),()岂(qǐ)曰(yuē)财(cái)赋(fù)疆(jiāng)。()

现代汉语译文

这才知道大藩重镇,哪里只是出钱粮的地方。

末句把这一晚上的见闻抬到治国的道理上,但仍然只说到「不只是财赋」,没有往大处铺。

赏析 · Commentary

清凉的席上插进一句自惭 · One Ashamed Line in a Cool Room

前六句都是舒服的:兵卫森然、清香、风雨送凉、嘉宾满堂、病也好了。第七句忽然写「自惭居处崇,未睹斯民康」。韦应物不安插议论,他只是把镜头从满堂的客人挪到自己身上,问了一句:坐在这里的人,见过外面的人过得怎样吗。这一句并不长,却把前面六句的舒服都变成欠着的东西。

The first six lines are all comfort: guards in order, a clear fragrance, wind and rain bringing cool, a hall full of guests, an illness clearing. The seventh line suddenly says he is ashamed to live so high and to have seen nothing of the people's well-being. Wei Yingwu does not insert an argument; he simply moves the camera off the full hall onto himself and asks whether the man sitting there has seen how the people outside live. The line is short, and it turns all six comfortable lines before it into something owed.

两句给自己讲道理 · Two Lines of Self-Instruction

「理会是非遣,性达形迹忘」写得很平,甚至有点像格言。位置却不平:它紧跟在「自惭」之后。刚惭愧过,立刻说想通了、放下了,读起来难免像替自己开脱。韦应物没有再加一句解释,把这两句照原样放在那里。这一晚上他到底放下了没有,诗里没有答案。

The couplet about understanding the principle and emptying out disputes reads flatly, almost like a maxim. Its position is not flat: it follows directly on the line of shame. Having just been ashamed, he immediately says he has understood and let go, which inevitably reads a little like excusing himself. Wei Yingwu adds no further explanation and leaves the couplet standing as it is. Whether he actually let go that evening, the poem does not say.

从一杯酒升到要飞 · From a Cup of Wine to Wanting to Fly

宴席写到后段,动作往上升:先低头喝酒,再抬头听文章,然后「神欢体自轻」,最后想乘风而翔。韦应物交代得很清楚,这个轻不是酒量出来的,是文气顶上来的。等到末联夸吴中人才济济,听起来像客气话,其实接着自己的轻在说——他这一晚的痛快,来处就在满堂的文章里。收尾不落在酒上,落在这块地方上。

As the evening is written on, the actions rise: first bending to drink, then lifting the head to hear the writing, then a light body, and finally a wish to ride the wind. Wei Yingwu is explicit that the lightness did not come from wine but from the air of letters. So when the last couplet praises the talents of Wu, it sounds like courtesy but is really a continuation of his own lightness — the delight of the evening came from the roomful of writing. The poem does not end on the wine but on the place.

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