ChineseStudy

274. 近试上张水部（朱庆余）

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正文

现代汉语译文

洞（dòng）房（fáng）昨（zuó）夜（yè）停（tíng）红（hóng）烛（zhú），（）待（dài）晓（xiǎo）堂（táng）前（qián）拜（bài）舅（jiù）姑（gū）。（）

新婚的洞房里，昨夜一直点着红烛；等到天明，新妇就要到堂前去拜见公婆。

“停红烛”写洞房花烛夜，红烛彻夜不熄。“舅姑”是丈夫的父母，即公婆。拜见公婆是新娘入门后要过的第一道关口，因此她整夜都在为天明紧张。

妆（zhuāng）罢（bà）低（dī）声（shēng）问（wèn）夫（fū）婿（xù），（）画（huà）眉（méi）深（shēn）浅（qiǎn）入（rù）时（shí）无（wú）。（）

梳妆完了，她低声问丈夫：我画的眉毛，深浅合不合当下的时样？

“入时无”是“合不合时样”。画眉本是闺房小事，她却郑重地问丈夫，怕的是第二天在公婆面前不合意。问得越轻、越具体，越见她的忐忑。（旧说此诗借新妇自比，以问“画眉”暗喻向张水部探问自己的文章是否合主考之意。）

赏析 · Commentary

新娘的一夜与一妆 · A Bride's Night and Her Toilet

前两句写夜，后两句写晓；前两句写等待，后两句写完成。全诗抓的正是拜见公婆前那一刻：妆已化好，心却没底。诗人不写公婆的容貌，也不写丈夫的回答，只写这一问，把新娘的紧张留在悬念里。

The first couplet is night, the second is dawn; the first is waiting, the second is completion. The poem catches the very moment before the bride meets her parents-in-law: the toilet is finished, but her mind is not at ease. The poet shows neither the parents' faces nor the husband's answer, only the question, leaving her nervousness suspended.

借画眉问文章 · Asking About Brows, Meaning His Writing

旧题说这是朱庆余应试前写给张籍的诗。以新娘比应试人，以公婆比主考，以“画眉深浅”比文章是否合式。表层是一段闺房对话，里层是一次谨慎的请教；两层都讲得通，诗的好处也正在这里。（此为传统解读，诗中文字本身只写新娘问妆。）

An old account holds that Zhu Qingyu sent this poem to Zhang Ji before an examination. The bride stands for the candidate, the parents-in-law for the examiners, and the depth of the brows for whether his writing fits the taste of the day. On the surface it is a conversation in the inner room; underneath it is a careful request for guidance. Both readings work, and that is where the poem's excellence lies. (This is the traditional interpretation; the words themselves describe only a bride asking about her makeup.)

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