301. 出塞（王昌龄）
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现代汉语译文
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秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。
现代汉语译文
依旧是秦朝的明月、汉朝的边关；万里出征的将士，至今没有回来。
“秦时明月汉时关”是互文见义：明月和边关从秦汉以来一直都在，边患也自古未断。“万里长征”写远征之远，“人未还”写战事不休、征人不归。起句把时间拉长到秦汉，使眼前的边关有了历史的沉重感。异文：维基文库于“万里长征人未还”下注“一作征夫尚未还”。
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但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。
现代汉语译文
只要有像当年龙城之战那样的飞将军在，就不会让胡人的战马越过阴山。
“但使”是只要。“龙城飞将”合用卫青奇袭龙城与李广被称为“飞将军”的典故，泛指英勇善战、足以守边的名将。“不教”即不让。“胡马”指北方游牧民族的骑兵。“阴山”在今内蒙古中部，是汉代抵御匈奴的天然屏障。“度”是越过。异文：chinese-poetry 数据集作“度阴山”，Gutenberg 底本作“渡阴山”，今从通行本作“度”。
赏析 · Commentary
一句诗压过千年 · One Line Weighing a Thousand Years
“秦时明月汉时关”把秦汉以来的边患一口气收进七个字里：月亮还是那个月亮，关口还是那处关口，可仗打了一代又一代，人始终回不了家。眼前战事因此有了千年纵深，个人的归期也被拖进漫长的边患之中。
The moon of Qin, the passes of Han gathers the border troubles since Qin and Han into seven characters: the moon is the same moon, the passes the same passes, yet war has been fought generation after generation and the men still never come home. The present campaign therefore gains a thousand years of depth, and each soldier's homecoming is drawn into the long history of frontier war.
把希望寄托在良将 · Hope Pinned on a Good General
后两句由感慨转为愿望：只要还有李广那样的名将，胡马就过不了阴山。话说得斩钉截铁，正说明现实里缺少这样的人。“但使”二字既是期盼，也是失望；对良将的呼唤越急切，对当朝边将的暗讽越明显。
The closing couplet turns from lament to wish: if only a general like Li Guang remained, the Tartar horses could not cross the Yin Mountains. The words are cut-and-dried, which itself shows how such a man is lacking in reality. If only is both longing and disappointment; the more urgent the call for a good general, the clearer the quiet mockery of the frontier commanders of the time.