305. 出塞（王之涣）
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现代汉语译文
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黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。
现代汉语译文
黄河远远地向上流去，仿佛伸入白云之间；一座孤零零的城池，坐落在万丈高山之中。
此诗又题《凉州词》，是配《凉州》曲的唱词。“黄河远上”写黄河自下而上远望，直入云际，气象壮阔。“一片”写城的孤单渺小；“孤城”指玉门关一带的戍边城堡。“万仞”形容山极高（八尺为一仞）。异文：Gutenberg 底本与维基文库作“黄河远上”，chinese-poetry 数据集作“黄砂直上”，写风沙直上云霄，亦通，今从通行本作“黄河远上”。
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羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。
现代汉语译文
羌笛何必吹起那哀怨的《折杨柳》呢；春风根本就吹不到玉门关啊。
“羌笛”是边地羌人的笛子。“杨柳”指《折杨柳》曲，古人折柳送别、以柳寄离情，曲调哀怨。“何须怨”是说不必埋怨。“度”是越过、吹到。“玉门关”是汉代设置在西北的要塞，故址在今甘肃敦煌西北，是中原与西域的分界。“春风不度”既写边地苦寒，也暗喻朝廷恩泽不到边关。
赏析 · Commentary
先写大景，再写孤城 · Vast Scene First, Lone City After
起句把黄河、白云拉到一起，气象极大；第二句立刻缩到一座孤城、万仞高山。一大一小、一远一近，边塞的空旷与戍卒的孤单都出来了。诗人不写人，城便是人的处境。
The opening line draws the Yellow River and white clouds together on a grand scale; the second line shrinks at once to one lone city and mountains ten thousand fathoms high. Great and small, far and near, and the frontier's emptiness and the garrison soldiers' solitude both emerge. The poet writes no person; the city is the person's situation.
怨柳与春风不度 · Willow Lament and a Wind That Does Not Reach
后两句用羌笛、杨柳、春风、玉门关串成一层怨意：笛声吹的是离别，可边地连春风都吹不到，又何来杨柳？一个“怨”字，明写笛声，暗写戍边人的思乡；“春风不度”四字，又把朝廷恩泽难及的感慨藏在里头。
The closing couplet strings the Qiang flute, the willow, the spring wind, and the Jade Gate into one layer of complaint: the flute plays of parting, yet on the frontier even the spring wind does not reach, so how could there be willows? The word complain names the flute's sound and covertly names the garrison soldier's homesickness; the words the spring wind does not cross hide the feeling that the court's grace can hardly reach here either.