82. 题大庾岭北驿（宋之问）
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现代汉语译文
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阳月南飞雁，传闻至此回。
现代汉语译文
十月里南飞的大雁，据说飞到这里就折返了。
「阳月」是农历十月的别称。雁南飞到岭就回，是古人的说法，用来做大庾岭「南北分界」的注脚。
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我行殊未已，何日复归来？
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而我的行程远还没到头，什么时候才能再回来呢？
雁到此而止，人却要继续南行。这一问把人和雁对照起来，是全诗的转折点。
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江静潮初落，林昏瘴不开。
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江面平静，潮水刚刚退去；林间昏暗，瘴气散不开。
两句写岭南的实景，静和昏都是压抑的。瘴气是唐代贬官南行最怕的东西，这里不点破，只写它散不开。
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明朝望乡处，应见陇头梅。
现代汉语译文
明天早晨望向故乡的方向，应该能看见岭头的梅花了。
大庾岭多梅，古有「岭上梅花」之称。末句把望乡寄托在一枝一束可见的东西上，情绪收而不放。
赏析 · Commentary
被贬南行的人为什么总写大庾岭 · Why Exiles Heading South Always Write of Dayu Ridge
大庾岭是唐代中原通往岭南的咽喉，过了岭就算离开了熟悉的地方。它在地理上是分界，在心理上也是——北边是朝堂、家乡、可以回去的生活，南边是瘴气、贬所、不知何时能还的处境。所以贬谪诗反复写这道岭。宋之问这首没有直接说被贬，只用「我行殊未已」带过，写岭写雁写瘴，把处境藏在景里。读的时候要留意：他写的每一处景物，都对应着身份的一部分。
Dayu Ridge was the throat of the road from the central plains into Lingnan in Tang times; past the ridge one had left familiar ground. It is a boundary geographically and also inwardly — north is the court, home, a life one might return to; south is miasma, the place of exile, a state with no known end. Hence exile poems return to this ridge again and again. Song Zhiwen never says he was demoted, letting my journey is far from over carry it, and writing ridge, geese, miasma, hiding his situation inside the scenery. Read it with this in mind: each feature he describes answers to one part of his condition.
「雁到这里就回头」的用意 · The Point of Geese That Turn Back Here
大雁南飞过冬是常识，但古人观察到的雁群多在长江一带就停下，于是有了「雁至衡阳回」之类的说法，大庾岭也被附会成雁的折返点。宋之问用这个说法，不是在做自然观察，是在取它的象征：连雁都知道到此为止，我却还要往前。三个字「殊未已」是全诗情绪最重的地方，因为它说的不是路远，是路还没有尽头。
That geese fly south for winter is common knowledge, but the flocks the ancients observed mostly stopped around the Yangtze, giving rise to sayings that the geese turn back at Hengyang, and Dayu Ridge was also attached to this turning point. Song Zhiwen is not doing natural observation; he takes the symbolism: even the geese know to stop here, and I must go on. The phrase rendered far from over carries the poem's heaviest feeling, for what it says is not that the road is long but that it has no end in sight.
末句的梅花不止是梅花 · The Plum in the Last Line Is More Than Plum
「陇头梅」有几个可能的指向。一是实指，大庾岭自古多梅，南行的人翻岭时见得到。二是用典，陆凯从江南寄梅花给长安的范晔，附诗「折梅逢驿使，寄与陇头人」，「陇头」由此成为寄远的典故。三是气候意义，岭南梅开得早，见梅意味着真的到了南方。三义可以叠在一起：明天望乡时看见梅花，等于同时看到了离乡的距离、寄信的愿望和南方的实景。
The plum on the ridge points several ways. First, literally: Dayu Ridge has long been rich in plum, and a traveler crossing it would see them. Second, allusively: Lu Kai sent plum blossoms from the south to Fan Ye in Chang'an with a verse about meeting a courier and breaking off a plum for a friend at Longtou, and from this the place-name became a byword for sending something far. Third, climatically: plum blooms early in Lingnan, so seeing it means one has truly arrived in the south. The three senses stack: to see plum while looking homeward is at once to see the distance from home, the wish to send word, and the southern ground itself.