278. 寄扬州韩绰判官(杜牧)
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现代汉语译文
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青山隐隐水迢迢,秋尽江南草未凋。
现代汉语译文
青山隐约可见,绿水长流不断;秋天已到尽头,江南的草木却还没有凋零。
“隐隐”写远山似有若无,“迢迢”写水路遥远漫长。“草未凋”点出江南气候温润,与北地深秋的萧瑟不同。前两句从远处落笔,勾出扬州一带山长水远的秋景。
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二十四桥明月夜,玉人何处教吹箫?
现代汉语译文
在这明月高照的夜晚,二十四桥上,那位玉一般的人儿,此刻在哪里教人吹箫呢?
“二十四桥”是扬州的名胜;“玉人”既可指美人,也常用来称风采出众的男子,这里多半指友人韩绰。“教吹箫”写月下奏乐的风流韵事。诗人身在别处,用一句设问回望扬州的旧游,语气亲切而带调侃。
赏析 · Commentary
用一个问句写想念 · Longing in a Question
诗没有说“我想你”,也没有说“我怀念扬州”,只问了韩绰一句:今晚你在哪里教人吹箫?问句把景物、月色和旧日的游乐全带了进来。越是写得轻快,越能看出写信人对扬州岁月和友人的眷念。
The poem never says I miss you or I long for Yangzhou; it asks Han Chuo one thing: where are you teaching the flute tonight? The question carries in the scenery, the moonlight, and all their old pleasures. The lighter the tone, the more clearly the writer's attachment to those Yangzhou days and to his friend shows through.
“玉人”是谁 · Who the Jade-Like One Is
“玉人”在唐诗里不一定指女子。杜牧把它用在一首寄给男性友人的诗里,语气又带玩笑,读者便知道多半是称韩绰风采出众,也可读作泛指扬州月下的美人乐伎。两种理解都通,诗中并没有指定;这里取更贴合“寄友人”的读法。
In Tang verse the jade-like one need not be a woman. Du Mu uses it in a poem sent to a male friend, in a teasing tone, so the reader understands it most likely describes Han Chuo's handsome charm. It could also be read as the beauties and musicians of Yangzhou by moonlight. Both readings work, but the poem specifies neither; here I take the one that fits a poem sent to a friend.