44. 宣州谢朓楼饯别校书叔云(李白)
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现代汉语译文
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弃我去者昨日之日不可留,乱我心者今日之日多烦忧。
现代汉语译文
弃我而去的,是昨天的日子,留不住;扰乱我心的,是今天的日子,烦忧很多。
两句都用「……者」的长句起。先说走掉的时间,再说缠住他的心,一上来调子就高。
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长风万里送秋雁,对此可以酣高楼。
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长风吹送万里,送走秋雁;对着这个,可以在高楼上痛饮。
前面两句压得低,这两句一下放开。风、雁、高楼,都是把胸襟撑大的东西。
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蓬莱文章建安骨,中间小谢又清发。
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蓬莱的文章、建安的骨力,中间还有小谢的清朗勃发。
「蓬莱」指校书叔云所在的秘书省,「小谢」是谢朓,谢朓楼就是为他命名的。评文也在评人。
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俱怀逸兴壮思飞,欲上青天览日月。
现代汉语译文
都怀着飘逸的兴致,雄壮的思绪飞起来,想上青天看一看日月。
「俱」把两人一起拉进来。前面还在评诗,这里情绪直接飞上去了。
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抽刀断水水更流,举杯销愁愁更愁。
现代汉语译文
抽刀去断水,水反而流得更急;举杯消愁,愁反而更愁。
两句一个句法:越想办法,越办不成。「更」字出现两次,前后自己顶自己。
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人生在世不称意,明朝散发弄扁舟。
现代汉语译文
人生在世不能称心,明天早上就散着头发,驾一只小船去。
结尾落到一个具体的动作。「散发」是不束发,和卷一那句「散发乘夕凉」是同一个姿态。
赏析 · Commentary
两个「日」开头,一直压着 · Two Lines of Days, All Pressing Down
起手两句都从「日」字上做文章:昨天留不住,今天全是烦。十四个字一句,长得拖沓,读起来像把一口气压在胸口吐不出来。前面压得越沉,第三句长风送雁、第四句酣饮高楼,放开的时候就越见出力气。这首诗的情绪起伏,全在这两端的落差里。
Both opening lines work off the word day: yesterday cannot be held, today is all care. Fourteen characters to a line, long and dragging, reading like breath held in the chest. The heavier the press, the more force the third line's long wind and geese and the fourth's deep drinking in the high tower show when they let go. The rise and fall of this poem lives in the drop between the two ends.
「抽刀断水」这一对 · That Pair About Cutting Water
两句用同一个句法,句句都是白费力气:刀砍水,水照旧流;酒消愁,愁照旧在。李白不劝人也劝不了自己,只把无效这件事说两遍。两个「更」字前后对撞,念起来干脆,意思却是越使劲越没辙。这是全诗最流传的两句,靠的就是这种拧着来的写法。
The two lines share one syntax, and each is wasted effort: the blade cuts the water and the water runs on; the wine goes after the sorrow and the sorrow stays. Li Bai neither advises anyone nor can help himself; he just states the futility twice. The two words still collide front to back, crisp to say and meaning that the harder you push the less you can do. These are the best-known lines in the poem, and what carries them is exactly this twisted construction.
从高楼到扁舟 · From the High Tower to the Small Boat
前面一会儿飞上青天看日月,一会儿抽刀断水,全是大的动作和大的情绪。末句忽然缩小:明天一早,散着头发,划一只小船。不是豪言,是一件说得出做得到的事。李白收尾常用这个办法,把满纸的力气最后落到一个具体的动作上,反而比喊口号更立得住。
A moment earlier he is up in the blue sky looking at sun and moon, or cutting water with a blade — all big motions, big feeling. The closing line suddenly shrinks: tomorrow morning, hair loose, a small boat. Not a boast but something he could actually do. Li Bai often closes this way, letting a page of force settle onto one concrete act, which stands up better than a shouted line ever would.