78. 送杜少府之任蜀川（王勃）
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现代汉语译文
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城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。
现代汉语译文
长安的城阙被三秦之地拱卫着，遥望蜀地的五个渡口，只见一片风烟。
「三秦」指关中，「五津」指蜀中岷江的五个渡口。上句写送别的所在，下句写友人要去的方向，一句一地，把一千多里的距离压进十个字。
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与君离别意，同是宦游人。
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和你分别的心情，我们都一样——同是为做官而漂泊在外的人。
「宦游人」点出两人共同的处境。一句「同是」，把离别的伤感从个人扩大到一类人。
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海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
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四海之内只要有你这个知心的朋友，即使远在天边，也像近邻一样。
这两句是全诗的名句，把「远」和「近」重新定义：距离不由地理决定，由有没有知己决定。
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无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。
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不要在岔路口分手的时候，像小儿女那样一起哭得手巾都湿了。
「歧路」是岔路口，古人送别到岔路即止。末句用「儿女」作对比，语气一振，把前两句的豁达收住。
赏析 · Commentary
送别诗为什么不写哭 · Why a Farewell Poem Refuses to Weep
这首诗把送别的常调翻了过来。前两联承认离别的伤感，第三联忽然把标准提高：只要彼此了解，天涯就是比邻。末联再补一句，叫对方别哭。三层推进的结果是——伤感被承认了，但没有被放大。值得注意的是「海内存知己」这句的前提是「同是宦游人」：正因为都漂泊在外，才需要这样一句互相打气的话。它不是站着说话，是两个处境相同的人之间的默契。
The poem inverts the usual tune of farewell. The first two couplets admit the sorrow of parting; the third suddenly raises the standard — so long as two people understand each other, the ends of the earth are next door; the last adds that you must not weep. The result of the three moves is that the sorrow is acknowledged without being amplified. Note that the premise of a friend within the four seas is the earlier line about both being men away from home in office: precisely because both are adrift does such encouragement become necessary. It is not the comfort of an observer; it is a pact between two people in the same fix.
「五津」和「三秦」的对仗落点 · Where the Parallelism of Three Qin and Five Fords Lands
首联对仗工整：城阙对风烟，辅对望，三秦对五津。三秦是眼前的实景，五津是遥想的远方，一实一虚撑起整联。王勃把两个地名并置，不解释也不铺陈，读者自己会感到中间隔着什么。初唐律诗还没有完全定型，这一联的写法已经接近后来七律的工整，可见诗的格律演进是渐进的。
The opening couplet is exactly parallel: city towers against wind and mist, flank against look toward, Three Qin against Five Fords. The Three Qin is solid ground underfoot; the Five Fords are a distant imagining — one real, one imagined, holding up the couplet between them. Wang Bo places the two place-names side by side without explanation or elaboration, and the reader feels what lies between them. Regulated verse was not yet fully fixed in the early Tang, yet this couplet already approaches the regularity of the later seven-character form, which shows how gradually the rules evolved.
王勃写这首诗时多大 · How Old Wang Bo Was When He Wrote This
王勃是「初唐四杰」之首，二十几岁就去世。这首诗通常被认为作于他在长安做小官时，送一位姓杜的友人赴蜀。以二十岁上下的年纪，写出「海内存知己，天涯若比邻」这样的句子，常被后人反复提起。需要说明的是，这类生平系年存在不同说法，本站只取与诗中提到的地名、官称相合的一说，不推断未见于文本的细节。
Wang Bo led the Four Talents of the Early Tang and died in his twenties. This poem is generally placed while he held a minor post in Chang'an, seeing off a friend named Du bound for Shu. That a man of about twenty should write a friend within the four seas — the ends of the earth like next door is a fact later ages keep returning to. It should be said that such biographical datings differ; this site keeps only the reading consistent with the place-names and official titles in the poem, and does not infer details the text does not support.