ChineseStudy

251. 闺怨（王昌龄）

目录

正文

现代汉语译文

闺（guī）中（zhōng）少（shào）妇（fù）不（bù）知（zhī）愁（chóu），（）春（chūn）日（rì）凝（níng）妆（zhuāng）上（shàng）翠（cuì）楼（lóu）。（）

闺中的年轻女子原本不懂得忧愁，春日里精心梳妆，登上华美的楼阁。

“凝妆”指盛妆、精心打扮。“不知愁”写她登楼前的心情，并非说她没有感情；诗先给出明丽、轻快的一面，下一联才发生转折。

忽（hū）见（jiàn）陌（mò）头（tóu）杨（yáng）柳（liǔ）色（sè），（）悔（huǐ）教（jiào）夫（fū）婿（xù）觅（mì）封（fēng）侯（hóu）。（）

忽然看见路边杨柳的新绿，她后悔当初让丈夫外出求取功名。

“觅封侯”指从军立功、求取显贵。杨柳春色本来宜人，却使她想到折柳送别和丈夫久别；一个“忽”字写出心情在瞬间改变。

赏析 · Commentary

一眼春色改变了什么 · What One Glimpse of Spring Changes

诗没有铺写长期相思，只截取登楼后的一瞬。少妇梳妆、登楼，原本是要看春景；杨柳进入视线后，景物却牵出了送别和远行。前后心境都由同一个春日承载，变化不在天气，而在她突然意识到：功名的代价，是眼下无人相伴。

The poem does not narrate months of longing; it isolates one instant after the woman climbs the tower. She dresses and goes up to enjoy spring, but the willows draw farewell and absence into the scene. The same spring day holds both moods. Nothing in the weather changes; what changes is her realization that the price of advancement is having no companion beside her.

“怨”不是一开始就有 · The Regret Is Not There at the Start

题目先告诉读者这是一首“闺怨”，正文却从“不知愁”写起。王昌龄把答案压到最后一个“悔”字，读者才明白前面的盛妆和翠楼为何重要：越是明媚，突然出现的空缺越清楚。诗中的怨也不只是埋怨丈夫，更包含她对自己当初选择的反省。

The title announces a complaint from the women's quarters, yet the poem begins with no sorrow. Wang Changling withholds the explanation until the final word, regret. Only then do the careful dress and splendid tower reveal their purpose: the brighter the scene, the clearer the absence. Her feeling is not merely blame directed at her husband; it also turns back upon her own earlier choice.

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