143. 风雨（李商隐）
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现代汉语译文
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凄凉宝剑篇，羁泊欲穷年。
现代汉语译文
读着凄凉的《宝剑篇》，我漂泊羁旅，怕要这样过完一生。
《宝剑篇》是唐人郭震的诗，写宝剑沦落，用来比喻才士不遇。「穷年」在这里是穷尽一生、终老漂泊，不是单指一年。
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黄叶仍风雨，青楼自管弦。
现代汉语译文
黄叶仍在风雨中飘摇，华美的楼阁里自顾自地奏着管弦。
「仍」是还在，「自」是自顾自。两个字把两个世界划开：一边困顿，一边享乐，互不相干。
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新知遭薄俗，旧好隔良缘。
现代汉语译文
新交的朋友遭受浅薄习俗的阻挠，旧日的知交也与良缘隔断。
「新知」「旧好」是两方面都没有依靠。这一联写的是社会关系的全面失守。
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心断新丰酒，销愁斗几千。
现代汉语译文
心中绝望，想沽新丰的美酒消愁，可一斗又要几千钱。
「新丰酒」是唐代名酒。「斗几千」是说酒贵，连消愁都负担不起。
赏析 · Commentary
一首诗写尽「没有出路」 · A Poem That Writes Having No Way Out
李商隐这首诗的每一联都在排除一种可能。第一联说漂泊要过一辈子；第二联说世间的享乐与自己无关；第三联说新交旧友都失了；末联说想借酒消愁，酒钱都付不起。四联像四道门依次关上。唐人写不遇，多半留一个出口（归隐、来日、朋友），这首诗一个都不留，所以读起来格外压抑。
Every couplet removes one possibility. The first says the drifting will last a lifetime; the second says the world's pleasures are not his; the third says new friends and old are both gone; the last says he would drink the sorrow away and cannot afford the wine. Four couplets, four doors shut in order. Tang poems about being unplaced usually leave an exit — retirement, a later day, a friend — and this one leaves none, which is why it reads so tightly.
「仍」和「自」 · "Still" and "For Themselves"
第二联的两个虚词承担了全诗的对比。「仍」是说风雨没停过，「自」是说别人的欢乐与他无关。这两个字都不带感情色彩，只是陈述，反而更冷。李商隐不用「可怜」「堪叹」这类词，把判断留给读者做。这也是他后期诗风的一个特点：越苦的地方，写法越平静。
The two function words in the second couplet carry the poem's contrast. "Still" says the wind and rain have not stopped; "for themselves" says other people's pleasure has nothing to do with him. Neither word carries emotion and both simply report, which is colder. Li Shangyin uses no "pitiable" or "lamentable," leaving the judgement to the reader. It is a mark of his later style: the bitterer the matter, the more level the writing.
末句的账单 · The Bill in the Last Line
「销愁斗几千」把消愁变成了一笔账。想喝酒消愁，先得问问价钱。李商隐用一个很俗的细节结束了一首很沉的诗——前面写的是才华、社会、交游，最后落到酒价上。这个落差本身就是控诉：连最便宜的解脱方式都负担不起。唐诗里写穷，很少写得这么具体。
"Several thousand a measure" turns consolation into arithmetic. To drink the sorrow off he must first ask the price. Li Shangyin ends a heavy poem on a very ordinary detail — talent, society, and friendship come first, and it finishes on the cost of wine. The drop is itself the indictment: he cannot afford even the cheapest relief. Tang verse rarely writes poverty this concretely.