130. 江乡故人偶集客舍（戴叔伦）
正文
现代汉语译文
正文
天秋月又满，城阙夜千重。
现代汉语译文
秋空月又满；城中的楼阙在夜里一层又一层。
「又满」暗示已不止一次见到月圆，飘泊的年份由此透出。「千重」是城阙的密集，也是阻隔的层数。
正文
还作江南会，翻疑梦里逢。
现代汉语译文
竟然还能在江南相聚，反倒怀疑是在梦里相见。
「翻」是反而。「疑梦里逢」写他乡遇故人的不真实感，这一句是全诗最动人的地方。
正文
风枝惊暗鹊，露草覆寒虫。
现代汉语译文
风中的树枝惊起了暗处的鹊鸟，带露的草丛盖住了寒虫的鸣声。
两句都是秋夜实景，也都在写不安。「惊」与「覆」一正一反，一个扰醒，一个盖住。
正文
羁旅长堪醉，相留畏晓钟。
现代汉语译文
飘泊在外的人，本该长醉不醒；彼此挽留，最怕听见天明的钟声。
「畏晓钟」是说怕天亮散场。全诗从月满写到将晓，一夜的时间走完了。
赏析 · Commentary
偶遇比约定更动人 · A Chance Meeting Moves More Than a Planned One
题中「偶集」二字是全诗的关键：不是约好的见面，是碰上的。第二联的「翻疑梦里逢」正是从「偶」字生出来的——没有预期的相逢，人才会怀疑真假。戴叔伦把这一层写在最显眼的位置，后面的景物和挽留都由此展开：因为来得出乎意料，所以更舍不得散。
"Chancing" in the title is the poem's key: the meeting was not arranged but stumbled into. The second couplet's suspicion of a dream grows straight out of that word — a reunion without expectation is what makes a man doubt it. Dai Shulun puts this in the most visible place, and the scenery and unwillingness that follow unfold from it: because it came unlooked for, the parting is harder.
中间两联的分工 · How the Middle Couplets Divide the Work
第二联写人事，第三联写夜景。两联之间没有转折词，直接切换，读起来却不生硬，因为「疑梦里逢」本身就是一种不安，而鹊惊虫寒正好是这种不安的外形。唐诗写心绪，常不直接说，只在旁边摆两件形态相似的东西。读者自己会认出那两件东西讲的是同一件事。
The second couplet handles people, the third the night scene. Nothing marks the switch, and it reads smoothly anyway, because suspecting a dream is itself unease and startled magpies and muffled crickets are the outward shape of unease. Tang verse often writes a mood without naming it, setting two similarly shaped things nearby. The reader recognises that both are about the same thing.
末句为什么怕钟声 · Why the Bell at the End Is Feared
「相留畏晓钟」五个字里有三个动作：留、畏、鸣。早上钟一响，这一夜就结束了，偶遇也就要变回各奔东西。作者没有写第二天分别的场面，只写了怕钟响，等于把分别提前放进了这一夜。这种把未来的痛苦挪到当下写的手法，让全诗的时间始终绷着一根弦。
"Staying on, dreading the dawn bell" holds three actions in five words: staying, dreading, ringing. When the morning bell sounds the night is over and the chance meeting becomes two men going separate ways. The poet does not write the parting the next day, only the fear of the bell, which moves the parting back into this night. Relocating a future pain into the present keeps the poem's time under tension throughout.